Stuttering - the 3 stages of modification

I've recently worked with an adult client who has a stutter. Its been a long time since I had my stuttering lectures so i thought i'd revise some of the basic principles of modification.

1. Cancellation - Pause after stuttering and repeat the word you stuttered on, saying the word slowly and smoothly. This is a good exercise for those who have difficulty self monitoring/ with anticipating their stutter
2. In Block modification - During the stutter you reduce your tension while holding onto the sound. Prolonging the sound and slowing it down allows you to move forwards onto the next sound.
3. Pre- block modification - Pause before you stammer on a sound, think about how you make the sound, then go for it carefully, slowly and smoothly. This works well for sounds which you know are difficult.